Subjects

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• ACCIDENTS AND DISASTERS
  • Famine
    
  • Fires
    
  • Shipwrecks
    
  
  

• ACCOUNTING AND MONEY
  • Accounts
    
  • Acquittances
    
  • Allowances -- Definition: Allowances on accounts
    
  • Amercements
    
  • Arrears
    
  • Audits of accounts
    
  • Bills
    
  • Coins
    
  • Collections
    
  • Debts -- Definition: incl of recognizances
    
  • Distraint
    
  • Exchange rates
    
  • Expenses
    
  • Farms
    
  • Fees
    
  • Fines
    
  • Foreign currencies
    
  • Forfeitures
    
  • Fruits and Profits
    
  • Gold
    
  • Indemnities
    
  • Interest
    
  • Leases and Lettings
    
  • Loans
    
  • Money
    
  • Non payment
    
  • Pains
    
  • Pawning
    
  • Payments
    
  • Prebends
    
  • Ransoms
    
  • Rents
    
  • Revenues
    
  • Sales
    
  • Stipends
    
  • Tolls
    
  • Wages
    
  
  

• ACTS OF PARLIAMENT AND STATUTES
  • Act of Supremacy (1559) -- Definition: Act of Supremacy 1558 c. 1, 1 Eliz. I http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/parliament/1559-0; http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/periods/tudors/elizabethan-settlement
    
  • Acts of Parliament
    
  • Statute of Mortmain
    
  • Statutes (Parliamentary)
    
  
  

• ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS, ECCLESIASTICAL
  • Archdeaconries -- Definition: An archdeaconry is a legal and administrative unit of a diocese. Archdeaconries are held by archdeacons and are divided into smaller units of rural deaneries.
    
  • Archdioceses -- Definition: An archdiocese is a diocese held by an archbishop.
    
  • Chapelries -- Definition: A chapelry is a sub-division of a parish assigned to a chapel.
    
  • Deaneries -- Definition: A deanery is a unit made up of a group of parishes governed by a rural dean. Deaneries are sub-units within an archdeaconry.
    
  • Parishes -- Definition: A parish is an area with its own church, under the spiritual care of a priest. Parishes cover the whole of England and are grouped into dioceses. The population living within a parish are known as parishioners.
    
  • Peculiars -- Definition: A peculiar is a unit of church jurisdiction outside the normal structure of the diocese. Many of these were created in the medieval period. Peculiar jurisdiction can include rights to: visitation, grant marriage licences and probates, to hear litigation.
    
  • Provinces -- Definition: A province is an area made up of a number of dioceses, governed by an archbishop. In England there are two provinces, York and Canterbury.
    
  • Rectories -- Definition: A rectory is the benefice of a rector. A rectory can also refer to the house or residence of a rector.
    
  • Vicarages -- Definition: A vicarage is the benefice of a vicar. A vicarage can also refer to the house or residence of a vicar in a parish.
    
  
  

• ADVOWSONS AND PATRONAGE
  • Advowsons
    
  • Crown Patrons
    
  • Ecclesiastical Patrons
    
  • Lay Patrons
    
  • Patrons
    
  • Religious Patrons
    
  
  

• AGE
  • Boys
    
  • Canonical age
    
  • Children
    
  • Girls
    
  • Minors
    
  • Old age
    
  
  

• ALIENS
  • Aliens
    
  
  

• ANIMALS AND WILDLIFE
  • Bees
    
  • Bullocks
    
  • Bulls
    
  • Calves
    
  • Cocks
    
  • Colts
    
  • Cows
    
  • Foals
    
  • Geese
    
  • Heifers -- Definition: A young female cow
    
  • Hens
    
  • Horses
    
  • Lambs
    
  • Livestock
    
  • Oxen
    
  • Oxgangs
    
  • Pigs
    
  • Poultry
    
  • Salmon
    
  • Sheep
    
  
  

• ARCHBISHOP'S ADMINISTRATION -- Definition:
  • Archbishop's Chancery -- Definition: • Archbishop's Chancery – The Archbishop’s Chancery was the personal court of the archbishop of York to which selected cases were referred from other courts, and to which certain matters were reserved for the bishop's personal attention. Such matters include heresy, perjury, usury, dilapidations, assault on nuns or clergy, and offences against the bishop's liberties and property. The court of audience was never a court which heard instance cases. (-Borthwick Cause Paper Glossary) https://www.york.ac.uk/borthwick/holdings/guides/research-guides/what-are-causepapers/glossary/.
    
  • Archbishop's Estates
    
  • Archbishop's Household
    
  • Vacancy of the See
    
  
  

• ARCHIVES AND MANUSCRIPTS
  • Account books
    
  • Archbishops' Registers
    
  • Archives
    
  • Bishops' Registers
    
  • Bonds
    
  • Charters
    
  • Confirmations -- Definition: Confirmation = type of deed
    
  • Court Rolls
    
  • Deans' and chapters' registers
    
  • Debt books
    
  • Decrees
    
  • Deeds
    
  • Defeasances
    
  • Easter books
    
  • Enfeoffments
    
  • Formularies
    
  • Inspeximus
    
  • Invocations
    
  • Leases
    
  • Letters
    
  • Letters close
    
  • Letters dimissory
    
  • Letters of attorney
    
  • Letters of quest
    
  • Letters patent
    
  • Letters testimonial
    
  • Mandates
    
  • Manuscripts
    
  • Maps
    
  • Memoranda Rolls
    
  • Mortgages
    
  • Muniments
    
  • Notarial Instruments
    
  • Notarial Marks
    
  • Notarial Subscriptions
    
  • Note books
    
  • Notes
    
  • Papers
    
  • Penmanship
    
  • Petitions
    
  • Pipe Rolls
    
  • Recognizances
    
  • Records
    
  • Registers
    
  • Seals
    
  • Signatures
    
  • Statutes
    
  • Vacancy Registers
    
  • Valuations
    
  • Visitation Act Books
    
  • Vouchers
    
  • Writing equipment
    
  • Writs
    
  
  

• BENEFICE AND OFFICE HOLDING -- Definition:
  • Admissions -- Definition: Admission by type of office, A-Z = will appear as Descriptor or person role?
    
  • Appointments
    
  • Approbations
    
  • Benedictions
    
  • Collations -- Definition:
    
  • Commendations
    
  • Commissions
    
  • Conferrals -- Definition: By biretta (see also Vestments; Clothes and clothing); cap (see also Clothes and clothing); by glove/s or ring (see also Jewellery and personal effects)
    
  • Confirmations -- Definition: Confirmations of office
    
  • Conge d'elire
    
  • Consecrations -- Definition: Consecrations of Archbishop
    
  • Deprivations
    
  • Deputations
    
  • Ejections
    
  • Elections
    
  • Enthronements
    
  • Exchanges -- Definition: Types found include: approved; agreed to; in another diocese, in the archdiocese
    
  • Expectations
    
  • Inceptions
    
  • Inductions -- Definition: no need to add 'mandate' to entry; can also be found in form 'quod est vestrum'
    
  • Installations
    
  • Institutions
    
  • Intrusions
    
  • Investitures -- Definition: By biretta (see also Vestments; Clothes and clothing); cap (see also Clothes and clothing); by glove/s or ring (see also Jewellery and personal effects)
    
  • Non residence -- Definition: Types found include for a period, eg during pleasure; fixed term; for a reason, eg legitimate without licence; orders; orders, 'cum ex eo'; requested or promoted; service; unlicensed
    
  • Oaths
    
  • Ordinations (Benefice holders)
    
  • Pluralism -- Definition: For instance: alleged; papal decree against; royal mandate in favour of
    
  • Professions
    
  • Provisions -- Definition: Provisions of expectative graces; expectative graces, in forma pauperum; expectative graces, revoked; also provisions in forma pauperum
    
  • Residence -- Definition: For eg: commons for; enforced; for fixed term; required
    
  • Resignations
    
  • Retirement
    
  • Revocations
    
  • Study -- Definition: For periods, eg: for a specific time; at different places, eg: at studium generale; at studium generale in England; other, eg: return from required; special requirements; under 'cum ex eo'; see also Benefice and office holding, Absence; Non residence; Schools, Universities, Study, Teachers and Pupils
    
  • Surrenders
    
  • Surrogacies
    
  • Suspensions
    
  • Titles
    
  • Translations
    
  • Vacancies
    
  
  

• BENEFICES, ADMINISTRATION
  • Appropriations
    
  • Benefices -- Definition: Incl burdens of, for eg: vicar's portions
    
  • Endowments
    
  • Ordinations (Benefices) -- Definition: Ordinations of chantries; chapels; churches; vicarages; also confirmations of, inquiries into
    
  • Portions -- Definition: For eg: Rectory (moiety).
    
  • Presentations -- Definition: For eg: to rectories; masterships; disputed; requested; required; procedure for. See also Archives and Manuscripts for presentation deeds; Advowsons, patrons and patronage
    
  • Relaxations of Sequestrations
    
  • Sequestrations -- Definition: Sequestrations, for specific purposes, A-Z
    
  • Spiritualities
    
  • Temporalities
    
  • Unions -- Definition: of rectories with vicarages
    
  • Vacancies -- Definition: For eg: inquisitions into; proceeds of; See also Archbishop's Administration
    
  
  

• BOOKS AND LIBRARIES
  • Bibles
    
  • Book of Common Prayer
    
  • Books
    
  • Books of sermons
    
  • Catalogues
    
  • Communion books
    
  • Concordances
    
  • Dictionaries
    
  • English Bibles
    
  • English Books
    
  • French books
    
  • Greek Books
    
  • Hebrew Bibles
    
  • Hebrew books
    
  • Latin Bibles
    
  • Latin Books
    
  • Libraries
    
  • Medical books
    
  • New Testament
    
  • Psalters
    
  • Service books
    
  • Syriac Bibles
    
  
  

• BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
  • Barns
    
  • Brewhouses
    
  • Bridges -- Definition: See also Transport and Travel, Roads, etc.
    
  • Building materials
    
  • Buildings -- Definition: Buildings, types, A-Z
    
  • Chimneys
    
  • Cottages
    
  • Dilapidations -- Definition: Dilapidations, of types of property, named, A-Z
    
  • Doors
    
  • Dovecots
    
  • Fixtures and fittings
    
  • Furnaces
    
  • Gates
    
  • Glass
    
  • Hinges
    
  • Houses
    
  • Lodges
    
  • Lodgings
    
  • Maintenance -- Definition: of buildings
    
  • Mills
    
  • Outbuildings
    
  • Palaces
    
  • Repairs
    
  • Roofs
    
  • Rooms
    
  • Schoolhouses
    
  • Stables
    
  • Surveys (buildings)
    
  • Tan pits
    
  • Timber
    
  • Walls
    
  • Wells
    
  • Windmills
    
  • Windows
    
  
  

• CATHEDRALS AND MINSTERS
  • Cathedrals
    
  • Fabric
    
  • Fabric funds
    
  • Minsters
    
  • Statutes (Cathedrals and Minsters)
    
  
  

• CHARITY AND POVERTY
  • Alms -- Definition: Alms were gifts, often money or food, given to the poor as an act of charity.
    
  • Charity
    
  • Paupers
    
  • Poor clerks
    
  • Poor relations
    
  • Poor scholars
    
  • Poverty -- Definition: Poverty, of specific individuals or groups, A-Z, for eg: clerks; parishioners; priests; scholars; Poverty, of specific property, A-Z, for eg: benefices; religious houses; also relief of
    
  
  

• CHURCH FURNITURE AND ORNAMENTS -- Definition:
  • Altars
    
  • Bells -- Definition: in belfries
    
  • Candles -- Definition: See also Lights
    
  • Chests
    
  • Communion Cups -- Definition: Communion cups and covers
    
  • Cross of Canterbury
    
  • Cross of York
    
  • Crosses -- Definition: incl crosses for the dead. See also Clergy and Religious, marks/symbols of office, Cross of Canterbury
    
  • Ewers
    
  • Flagons
    
  • Lights -- Definition: See also Candles; tapers; torches
    
  • Locks and keys -- Definition: For eg: for chests; for font
    
  • Lofts
    
  • Organ Lofts
    
  • Pews -- Definition: Seats for lay members of congregation in parish church
    
  • Relics
    
  • Rood Lofts
    
  • Seats -- Definition: Seats for lay members of congregation in parish church
    
  • Shrines
    
  • Stalls -- Definition: Seats in Cathedral for clergy
    
  • Super altars
    
  • Tables
    
  
  

• CHURCH YEAR
  • Corpus Christi
    
  • Epiphany
    
  • Feast days
    
  
  

• CHURCHES AND CHAPELS
  • Belfries
    
  • Cemeteries -- Definition: Churches, chantries and chapels, types, A-Z. Cemeteries, for eg: consecration of; desecration; reconciliation of; For sections of church etc., buildings, see Buildings and structures
    
  • Chancels
    
  • Chantry Chapels
    
  • Chapels
    
  • Churches -- Definition: For eg: parish churches, detention/occupation of; farming of; consecration of; dedication of. See also Religious Houses, Types, A-Z
    
  • Churchyards -- Definition: For eg: consecration of; desecration of; reconciliation of
    
  • Collegiate Churches
    
  • Lady Chapels
    
  • Oratories -- Definition: Incl licensed for specific periods or purposes
    
  • Parish Churches
    
  • Royal Free Chapels
    
  • Steeples
    
  
  

• CLERGY AND RELIGIOUS
  • Major Orders -- Definition: Major Orders are higher grades of the Christian ministry which included priests, deacons, and sub-deacons.
    
  • Minor Orders -- Definition: Major orders were lower grades of the Christian ministry. Those in minor orders were ranked below the major orders and had not been ordained. Minor orders were: acolytes, lectors, exorcists, and doorkeepers.
    
  • Orders -- Definition: Orders, incl letters of Orders, to be produced. See also Archives and manuscripts, Letters dimissory; Benefice and Office holding; Sins, correction and forgiveness, Dispensations
    
  • Tonsures
    
  
  

• CLOTHING, FABRIC AND PERSONAL EFFECTS
  • Bonnets
    
  • Boots -- Definition: Clothes, types, A-Z; Clothing, of specific persons or groups; Fabrics, types, A-Z; see also Jewellery and personal effects; Vestments
    
  • Caps
    
  • Cassocks
    
  • Chimeres
    
  • Cloth
    
  • Clothing
    
  • Copes
    
  • Embroidery
    
  • Fabrics
    
  • Funeral attire
    
  • Furs
    
  • Gloves
    
  • Hats
    
  • Hides
    
  • Ivory
    
  • Jewellery
    
  • Leather
    
  • Livery
    
  • Maniples
    
  • Mitres
    
  • Parures
    
  • Purses
    
  • Razors and shaving equipment
    
  • Rings
    
  • Robes
    
  • Rochets
    
  • Shoes
    
  • Spectacles and spectacle cases
    
  • Spurs
    
  • Stoles
    
  • Surplices
    
  • Vestments
    
  • Watches
    
  • Yarn
    
  
  

• COMMERCE AND TRADE
  • Blacksmith's equipment
    
  • Tanning equipment
    
  • Tools
    
  • Trades
    
  • Weaving
    
  • Wine trade
    
  
  

• CONVOCATIONS AND MEETINGS
  • Convocations -- Definition: Incl attendance/non attendance at; attendance at by proctor; attendance at excused; (future) holding of
    
  • Council of Lyons, 1274
    
  • Council of Vienne, 1311-12
    
  • Councils
    
  • Synods -- Definition: Use for articular Synods, add feast/time of year as necessary, eg: Easter Synods. Incl administration of holding,etc., for eg: commission to hold; summons to; licence not to attend (for a period, eg: life); non attendance at
    
  
  

• CORRODIES AND PENSIONS
  • Annuities
    
  • Corrodies -- Definition: Use for Corrodies for specific persons or groups and circumstances. For eg: forbidden without archbishop's consent; granted; licensed; liveries of; requested; sale of
    
  • Doles -- Definition: incl liveries of; sale of
    
  • Pensions -- Definition: Use for Pensions for specific persons (eg: former head of religious house; former incumbent) or groups and circumstances. For eg: forbidden without archbishop's consent; granted; licensed; liveries of; owed; requested; sale of; licences to grant, ordinances
    
  
  

• COURTS, CIVIL
  • Assizes -- Definition: Proceedings
    
  • Chancery
    
  • Common Pleas
    
  • Courts, Civil -- Definition: Courts, Civil: use for Courts, named, A-Z
    
  • Exchequer
    
  • Gaol Deliveries
    
  • Lawsuits -- Definition: incl vexatious
    
  • Manorial Courts
    
  • Manorial juries
    
  • Parliaments -- Definition: incl attendance at
    
  • Star Chamber
    
  
  

• COURTS, ECCLESIASTICAL -- Definition:
  • Appeals
    
  • Benefice Causes
    
  • Causes -- Definition: by type, A-Z; See also main headings Matrimony; Probate; Dues and offerings, Ecclesiastical, Tithes
    
  • Chancery Court
    
  • Citations
    
  • Compositions
    
  • Compurgation
    
  • Consistory Court
    
  • Court Proceedings
    
  • Court of Arches -- Definition: Provincial Court of Archbishop of Canterbury held in Bow Church, Ecclesia Beate Marie de Arcubus and later elsewhere
    
  • Court of Audience
    
  • Court of Delegates
    
  • Courts, Ecclesiastical -- Definition: Used for types of Court, A-Z
    
  • Depositions
    
  • Exchequer Court
    
  • Libels
    
  • Matrimonial causes
    
  • Monitions
    
  • Non appearance (Courts, Ecclesiastical)
    
  • Prerogative Court of York
    
  • Prohibitions
    
  • Purgation
    
  • Sentences
    
  • Sequestrations
    
  
  

• CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
  • Acquittal
    
  • Assault
    
  • Burglary
    
  • Crimes
    
  • Criminous Clerks -- Definition: Use for commissions to receive; commissions to receive and seek out; escape of; release of. See also Sins, correction and forgiveness
    
  • Fraud
    
  • Homicide
    
  • Housebreaking
    
  • Prisoners -- Definition: incl release of
    
  • Prisons
    
  • Robbery
    
  • Sedition
    
  • Violence -- Definition: incl violence by clergy/religious; towards clergy/religious
    
  
  

• DEATH AND BURIAL
  • Burial -- Definition: Use for burial in specific places, eg: in cathedral; also feigned burial. See also Cemeteries, Churchyards, Chapelyards; see Rites, Sacraments, Sacramentals, Ceremonies and equipment for Funerals
    
  • Death -- Definition: incl feigned death
    
  • Epitaphs
    
  • Memorial inscriptions
    
  • Shrouds
    
  • Tombs
    
  • Tombstones
    
  
  

• DISPUTES AND SETTLEMENT
  • Agreements
    
  • Articles of Enquiry
    
  • Disputes
    
  • Inquisitions -- Definition: Unspecified, otherwise see under subject; Use for form of inquisitions
    
  • Ratifications -- Definition: of agreements
    
  • Renunciations
    
  • Verdicts
    
  
  

• DUES AND OFFERINGS, ECCLESIASTICAL
  • Annates
    
  • Compositions -- Definition: Compositions for tithes
    
  • Customary payments -- Definition: eg general, of parishioners
    
  • Dues
    
  • Easter Offerings
    
  • First Fruits
    
  • Impropriation of Tithes
    
  • Oblations -- Definition: incl for the parish church; for wax. See also Courts, Ecclesiastical
    
  • Peter's Pence
    
  • Procurations
    
  • Separation of Tithes
    
  • Small Tithes -- Definition: Generally all other predial tithes than those classed as great tithes, all mixed and personal tithes, commonly payable to the vicar of the parish (TNA research guide)
    
  • Synodals
    
  • Tithes -- Definition: Tithes, by commodity or activity; see also Agriculture and Land Use; Animals, fish and birds, incl game and livestock; Farming, fishery and food production; Trade and commerce. Use for licences to farm, let or sell, incl before separation, before separation for a specific period; other subjects include delivery of; inquisitions into; payment of; stay of payment of; ordinances; confirmation of ordinances
    
  
  

• DUES AND OFFERINGS, LAY
  • Herbage
    
  • Heriots
    
  • Manorial dues
    
  • Mortuaries
    
  
  

• EDUCATION
  • Degrees
    
  • Governors
    
  • Grammar Schools
    
  • Headmasters
    
  • Reading
    
  • Scholars
    
  • Scholarships
    
  • Schoolmasters
    
  • Schools
    
  • Students
    
  • Universities -- Definition: Use for Studium generale (pl. Studia generalia), places of study/teaching, welcoming students from different regions/countries, that is, a term for a medieval university. Study at a 'Studium generale' in England therefore presumably refers to either Oxford or Cambridge University. See also Benefice and office holding, absence, non-residence, study; Sins, correction and forgiveness, Dispensations.
    
  • University of Cambridge
    
  • University of Oxford
    
  • University of St Andrews
    
  
  

• FARMING AND FOOD PRODUCTION
  • Agricultural equipment
    
  • Barley
    
  • Beans
    
  • Bee hives
    
  • Bee skeps
    
  • Brewing equipment
    
  • Carts
    
  • Corn
    
  • Crops
    
  • Distilling equipment
    
  • Flax
    
  • Fodder
    
  • Grain
    
  • Grass
    
  • Harvests
    
  • Hay
    
  • Hemp
    
  • Litter -- Definition: Litter, or bedding for animals
    
  • Manure
    
  • Maslin
    
  • Oats
    
  • Peas
    
  • Ploughs
    
  • Rye
    
  • Sheaves
    
  • Sheep marks
    
  • Straw
    
  • Thraves
    
  • Wagons
    
  • Wheat
    
  • Wheels
    
  • Wood
    
  • Wool
    
  
  

• FOOD AND DRINK
  • Ale
    
  • Beer
    
  • Bread
    
  • Cakes
    
  • Cheese
    
  • Drinks -- Definition: Drinks, by type, A-Z
    
  • Food -- Definition: See also Agriculture and land use for Crops; Farming, fishery and food production for processes
    
  • Malt
    
  • Meals
    
  • Milk
    
  • Salt
    
  • Wine
    
  
  

• GIFTS AND HOSPITALITY
  • Board and lodging
    
  • Christening gifts
    
  • Food and drink
    
  • Gifts
    
  • Hospitality
    
  
  

• HEALTH AND MEDICINE
  • Disabilities -- Definition: Disabilities, named, A-Z; see also Age
    
  • Diseases -- Definition: Diseases, named, A-Z
    
  • Illness
    
  • Infirmity
    
  • Mental health -- Definition:
    
  • Plague
    
  
  

• HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT
  • Barrels
    
  • Bottles
    
  • Clocks
    
  • Cradles
    
  • Furnishings
    
  • Furniture -- Definition: Furniture, by type, A-Z
    
  • Household equipment -- Definition: Equipment, household, by type, A-Z
    
  • Keys -- Definition: Keys for furniture in the home
    
  • Mirrors
    
  • Pewter
    
  • Pictures
    
  • Plate
    
  • Sundials
    
  
  

• LANDSCAPE, FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT
  • Closes
    
  • Coal
    
  • Commons
    
  • Ditches
    
  • Drainage
    
  • Forests
    
  • Gardens
    
  • Garths
    
  • Intakes
    
  • Iron
    
  • Meadows
    
  • Moors
    
  • Orchards
    
  • Pasture
    
  • Plants
    
  • Trees
    
  • Wastes
    
  • Waterfalls
    
  • Woods
    
  
  

• LITURGY AND WORSHIP -- Definition:
  • Chantries
    
  • Divine Office -- Definition: incl for suspension of; relaxation of suspension
    
  • Host
    
  • Litany
    
  • Masses -- Definition: Masses, for specific occasions, by type, A-Z, incl masses for the day; for Saints, etc., named, A-Z, incl for the Blessed Virgin Mary; the Holy Cross; for groups, incl the living and the dead; the dead and for souls of the departed
    
  • Matins
    
  • Obits
    
  • Placebo and Dirige -- Definition: First words of first antiphons of Vespers and Matins sung in the office of the dead (Du Boulay)
    
  • Prayers -- Definition: Prayers, for specific persons or occasions, by type, A-Z, incl for eg: for end of plague; for end of wars (with specific people, such as the French, the Scots); for good weather; for peace; for the state of the realm; Incl for eg: for the king; the king's health; for the queen; prayers for the living and the dead; prayers for the dead; prayers for the souls of the departed; also Prayers, named, A-Z, added as sub-headings
    
  • Preaching
    
  • Private Masses
    
  • Psalms
    
  • Sermons
    
  
  

• MARKETS AND FAIRS
  • Fairs
    
  
  

• MATRIMONY AND DIVORCE
  • Affinity -- Definition: Causes relating to this subject heard in the Ecclesiastical Courts, see Courts, Ecclesiastical. See also Church Furniture, Tables of Degrees
    
  • Consanguinity
    
  • Divorce
    
  • Impediments
    
  • Impotence
    
  • Marriage licences
    
  • Marriage settlements
    
  • Marriages (Ceremony)
    
  • Matrimony (Sacrament)
    
  
  

• MUSIC AND MUSIC MAKING, CHURCH AND SECULAR
  • Bandoras
    
  • Citterns
    
  • Harps
    
  • Hymns
    
  • Lutes
    
  • Musical instruments
    
  • Organs
    
  • Regals -- Definition: Small portable organ common in 16th and 17th centuries (OED) (singular = regal)
    
  • Singing and Chanting
    
  • Song books
    
  • Theorbos
    
  • Virginals
    
  
  

• NATIONALITIES
  • English
    
  • French
    
  • Gascons
    
  • Scots
    
  
  

• OCCUPATIONS, PROFESSIONS AND TRADES
  • Aldermen
    
  • Almoners
    
  • Ambassadors
    
  • Apparitors
    
  • Apparitors general
    
  • Apprentices
    
  • Attorneys
    
  • Auditors
    
  • Bailiffs
    
  • Bakers
    
  • Barbers
    
  • Barristers
    
  • Bellringers
    
  • Blacksmiths
    
  • Burgesses
    
  • Carpenters
    
  • Chamberlains
    
  • Churchwardens
    
  • Collectors
    
  • Cooks
    
  • Donzels
    
  • Fellows
    
  • Ferrymen
    
  • Gaolers
    
  • Goldsmiths
    
  • Grassmen
    
  • Harbingers
    
  • Hosts
    
  • Husbandmen
    
  • Ironmongers
    
  • Jurors
    
  • Lawyers
    
  • London Livery Company Members
    
  • Marshals
    
  • Masters
    
  • Mayors
    
  • Merchants
    
  • Messengers
    
  • Musical Instrument Makers
    
  • Organists
    
  • Pallbearers
    
  • Panterers
    
  • Parish clerks
    
  • Ploughmen
    
  • Poulterers
    
  • Presidents
    
  • Principals
    
  • Receivers
    
  • Recorders
    
  • Reeves
    
  • Registrars
    
  • Sawyers
    
  • Scribes
    
  • Sequestrators
    
  • Servants
    
  • Shepherds
    
  • Solicitors
    
  • Stationers
    
  • Stewards
    
  • Stockmen
    
  • Tailors
    
  • Tanners
    
  • Tradesmen
    
  • Vice Chancellors
    
  • Virgers
    
  • Weavers
    
  • Wine merchants
    
  • Workmen
    
  • Yeomen
    
  
  

• OFFICES, ECCLESIASTICAL
  • Acolytes -- Definition: An acolyte is a member of the minor orders who assisted priests during Mass. The role of acolytes also included lighting the candles and carrying the censer.
    
  • Administrators -- Definition: See also Probate
    
  • Administratrixes -- Definition: A administratrix is a female administrator.
    
  • Alms collectors
    
  • Altarists -- Definition: An altarist is the official responsible for an altar and its furnishings and accessories.
    
  • Archbishops -- Definition: An archbishop is a bishop who governs a province and has episcopal authority in their own diocese, known as an archdiocese.
    
  • Archbishops' Clerks
    
  • Archbishops' Officials
    
  • Archbishops' Servants
    
  • Archdeacons -- Definition: An archdeacon is a priest who has administrative authority over an archdeaconry. Archdeacons are appointed by the bishop of the diocese. Their roles include helping the bishop in the pastoral care of the archdeaconry, for example holding annual visitations to the parishes in the archdeaconry.
    
  • Archdeacons' Officials
    
  • Beneficed Clergy
    
  • Bishops -- Definition: A bishop is a high-ranking priest who has jurisdiction over a diocese.
    
  • Canons (Ecclesiastical) -- Definition: A canon is a member of clergy attached to a cathedral chapter or collegiate church. They share the church revenues and live communally.
    
  • Chancellors (Ecclesiastical) -- Definition: A chancellor in terms of the church was the chief administrative representative of a bishop who aided with secular affairs.
    
  • Chantry Chaplains -- Definition: A chantry chaplain was a priest who had charge over a chantry chapel.
    
  • Chaplains -- Definition: A chaplain is a priest who has charge over a chapel. Chaplains are ordinary clerics with non-parochial duties.
    
  • Clergy -- Definition: The clergy, or clerics, is a term to describe all those who have joined the ministry of Christian Church.
    
  • Clerks (Ecclesiastical) -- Definition: A 'clerk' was a male person who was in principle literate, and usually (but by the later fourteenth century not necessarily), in at least minor orders. – P. H. Cullum, 'Boy/Man into Clerk/Priest: The Making of the Late Medieval Clergy,' in Rites of Passage: Cultures of Transition in the Fourteenth Century, eds. Nicola F. McDonald and W. M. Ormrod (Woodbridge: York Medieval Press, 2004), 51-65.
    
  • Clerks in Minor Orders
    
  • Clerks of the Closet -- Definition: The clerk of the closet presided over the Royal College of Chaplains. One responsibility of the clerk of the closet was the presentation of bishops to the Sovereign after they are consecrated.
    
  • Coadjutors -- Definition: A coadjutor was an assistant to someone holding an office who was old and infirm, for example to a bishop or abbot. Coadjutors could also function as successors to the position they assisted.
    
  • Commissaries -- Definition: A commissary was a clerical official who exercised church jurisdiction as a representative of an archbishop, bishop, or archdeacon.
    
  • Confessors -- Definition: A confessor was a priest who heard private confessions.
    
  • Curates -- Definition: A curate is a priest who assists a priest in ministering a parish. Curates are appointed to a parish in the absence of a vicar.
    
  • Curators -- Definition: A curator had the position of guardianship over young persons who were under twenty-one, therefore considered minors, but generally older than fourteen for male and twelve for female minors.
    
  • Deacons -- Definition: A deacon is a member of the major orders, below bishops and priests. Deacons have the role of assisting priests in church services, for example celebrating Mass or visiting the sick.
    
  • Deans
    
  • Deans (Cathedral) -- Definition: A dean (Cathedral), as opposed to a dean (rural), is the head of a cathedral chapter or collegiate church.
    
  • Deans (Rural) -- Definition: A dean is a priest appointed to supervise a group of parishes known as a deanery. Rural deaneries were grouped together to form archdeaconries.
    
  • Deans of Christianity -- Definition: A dean of Christianity was an official who ‘presided over synods of the clergy of a designated sub-division of a diocese and who represented them at diocesan level’ - Richard Oram, Dominion and Lordship: Scotland 1070-1230 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011), 347. • The dean of Christianity in York was commissioned to: deal with administration of testators and their executors, receive and relay money owed to the Archbishop, and investigate crimes committed all within the Deanery of the Christianity of York. – Carson I. A. Richie, The Eccleisatical Courts of York (Arbroath: Herald Press, 1956), 235.
    
  • Executors -- Definition: An executor is someone appointed by a testator of a will to ensure the directions of the will are carried out.
    
  • Executrixes -- Definition: An executrix is a female executor.
    
  • Guardians
    
  • Intestates -- Definition: An intestate is someone who dies without a valid will, or whose executors refuse to carry out the directions of the will.
    
  • Keepers
    
  • Keepers of Spiritualities -- Definition: The keeper of spiritualities took over the spiritual role, or cure of souls, for a bishopric during a vacancy.
    
  • Lecturers -- Definition: After the Reformation lecturers were ministers, often deacons, who were appointed by parishes or towns to preach regularly. These positions were not beneficed.
    
  • Ministers -- Definition: A minister is a term for someone charged to perform a liturgical duty or service of the Church. Minister for example could apply to a deacon or acolyte.
    
  • Minor Canons -- Definition: A canon is a member of clergy attached to a cathedral chapter or collegiate church. The role of minor canons was primarily singing the services and had no role in decision making.
    
  • Notaries Public -- Definition: A notary public was an officer, appointed by the Pope or papal delegates, to certify legal transactions and record memoranda. For example, notaries wrote the documents produced during a bishop’s visitation.
    
  • Officials
    
  • Overseers
    
  • Pardoners -- Definition: A pardoner was someone licenced to sell papal indulgences or pardons.
    
  • Penitentiaries -- Definition: A penitentiary was a priest in a cathedral or conventual church to aid the bishop in hearing confessions and administering penance; an older term is penitencer, a priest appointed to hear confession, administer penance and give absolution. – Oxford English Dictionary, penitencer, n..
    
  • Perpetual Curates -- Definition: A perpetual curate is a priest licenced by a bishop to officiate in a parish on behalf of a lay rector or the impropriator of the benefice, but without the status of a vicar.
    
  • Preachers
    
  • Prebendaries -- Definition: A prebendary is a member of a chapter who provides clerical services.
    
  • Precentors -- Definition: A precentor is a member of a cathedral who is responsible for the organisation of music there.
    
  • Priests -- Definition: A priest is an official minister of the Christian faith who has been ordained by a bishop. Priests are authorised to: celebrate Mass and administer the other sacraments, hear confession, and maintain the rights of the church.
    
  • Proctors -- Definition: A proctor is someone appointed to manage the affairs, for example legal or financial, of someone on their behalf. In a legal context a proctor was a professional representative for a party in a court, for example a bishop’s consistory courts.
    
  • Provosts -- Definition: A provost was an office in a secular cathedral related to financial matters. The provost presided if the dean of a cathedral was absent. A provost is a term also given to the head of a college.
    
  • Rectors -- Definition: A rector is a priest who had charge of a parish. The rector held rights over the dues of the parish and received great tithes.
    
  • Regular Canons -- Definition: A canon is a member of clergy attached to a cathedral chapter or collegiate church. Regular canons are those living under a monastic rule.
    
  • Royal Chaplains
    
  • Royal Clerks
    
  • Sacrists -- Definition: A sacrist was a monastic or cathedral office responsible for maintaining the altar, vestments and internal repair and decoration of the church.
    
  • Sequestrators -- Definition: A sequestrator was an official appointed by a bishop to make sequestrations within the diocese.
    
  • Songmen -- Definition: A songman was someone who was a singer in a cathedral choir.
    
  • Sub collectors
    
  • Suffragans -- Definition: A suffragan is an assistant bishop who is delegated episcopal duties within a particular diocese.
    
  • Supervisors -- Definition: A supervisor is someone appointed by a testator to ensure the terms of their will are correctly carried out by the executors.
    
  • Tax collectors
    
  • Testators -- Definition: A testator is a term for a person who has died, leaving a will.
    
  • Treasurers (Ecclesiastical) -- Definition: A treasurer was an office in a religious house or cathedral who was responsible for the relics, liturgical vessels. Treasurers could also take on a financial role, for example in the context of a religious house.
    
  • Tutors -- Definition: A tutor had the position of guardianship of young persons who were under twenty-one, therefore considered minors, but under the ages of curation, fourteen for male and twelve for female minors.
    
  • Unbeneficed Clergy
    
  • Vicars -- Definition: A vicar is a priest appointed to undertake the clerical duties of a parish when the parish tithes were appropriated to a religious house or individual such as an absentee rector. Vicars received smaller tithes or a stipend.
    
  • Vicars Choral -- Definition: Vicars choral are minor order clergy attached to a secular cathedral. The role of vicars choral was to sing the services.
    
  • Vicars General -- Definition: Vicars general are clerics appointed to assist a bishop or archbishop in exercising their jurisdiction. Before the fifteenth century vicars general were responsible for business which did not require the rank of bishop, but were appointed temporarily to this role in the absence of the bishop from the diocese. By the fifteenth century the vicar general developed into a more permanent office, one that often continued even during periods of vacancy in the diocese. - J. S. Purvis, Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Terms (London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1962), 200-201.
    
  • Vice Chancellors -- Definition: A vice chancellor was the deputy office for the chancellor.
    
  • Wardens -- Definition: A warden is a term given to the head of an ecclesiastical institution such as a chantry college.
    
  
  

• OFFICES, ROYAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
  • Barons of Exchequer
    
  • Chief Justices
    
  • Clerks (Administrators)
    
  • Cofferers
    
  • Justices
    
  • Justices of the Forest
    
  • Justices of the Peace
    
  • Sheriffs
    
  • Treasurers (Royal Administration)
    
  
  

• ORGANISATIONS, LAY AND ECCLESIASTICAL
  • Almshouses
    
  • Chapters
    
  • Citizens
    
  • Deans and chapters
    
  • Foundations
    
  • Hospices
    
  • Hospital inmates
    
  • Hospitals
    
  • Inns of Court
    
  
  

• PAPACY -- Definition:
  • Auditors of Causes of the Holy Palace -- Definition:
    
  • Cardinal Bishops
    
  • Cardinal Deacons
    
  • Cardinal Priests
    
  • Cardinals
    
  • Pall
    
  • Papal Bulls -- Definition: Most formal type of Papal letters
    
  • Papal Chamber
    
  • Papal Constitutions -- Definition: Constitutions, named, A-Z, incl: Ad compescendas; Ad tutelam; Amoris proprii; Cum ex eo; De multa; Decimas; Excommunicamus; Execrabilis; Licet canon; Quia regulares; Quum secundum apostolum qui; Sacrorum canonum; Si beneficia; Super cathedram
    
  • Papal Curia -- Definition: Curia, Papal, departments, A-Z; Curia, Papal, events at, A-Z, incl for eg: visits to; appeals to; consecrations at; deaths at; exchanges at; law suit at; resignation at; obligatory visits to by bishops (Limina Apostolorum)
    
  • Papal Decrees
    
  • Papal Dues -- Definition: Incl prorogation of payment
    
  • Papal Judges delegate
    
  • Papal Legates
    
  • Papal Letters
    
  • Papal Mandates
    
  • Papal Messengers
    
  • Papal Nuncios
    
  • Papal Penitentiaries
    
  • Papal Provisions -- Definition: incl unsuccessful
    
  • Papal Taxation -- Definition: See also Papacy, Taxation of Pope Nicholas IV; Taxation, Clerical
    
  • Papal Tenths -- Definition: Add details using E 179 database
    
  • Popes
    
  • Relations with Pope -- Definition: Incl for eg: excuses to Pope; requests to Pope; thanks to Pope
    
  • Taxation of Pope Nicholas IV
    
  
  

• PERMISSIONS AND POWERS
  • Consents
    
  • Licences
    
  • Protections
    
  • Royal assents
    
  • Safe Conducts -- Definition: See also Transport and travel
    
  
  

• PIETY AND PIOUS ACTS
  • Offerings
    
  • Piety
    
  • Pilgrimages
    
  
  

• PROBATE
  • Administrations
    
  • Codicils -- Definition: Probate matters dealt with in the Ecclesiastical Courts, see Courts, Ecclesiastical
    
  • Curation
    
  • Intestacy
    
  • Inventories -- Definition: of testators' goods; of intestates' goods
    
  • Last Wills and Testaments -- Definition: incl disputed
    
  • Nuncupative wills
    
  • Probate
    
  • Sequestrations
    
  • Testaments
    
  • Tuition
    
  • Wills
    
  
  

• PROPERTY AND TENURE
  • Copyhold lands
    
  • Demesne lands
    
  • Entails
    
  • Farms (lands/property)
    
  • Freehold lands
    
  • Glebe lands
    
  • Granges
    
  • Lands
    
  • Livery of Seisin
    
  • Manors
    
  • Mortmain
    
  • Property -- Definition: Property, transactions, A-Z, for eg: alienation of; exchanges of; farming of; leasing of; Property, types, A-Z; also oversight of; inquiries into. See also Liberties, franchises and regalities; see also Archives, manuscripts and documents
    
  • Suit of court
    
  • Surveys (lands/property) -- Definition: incl inquiries into surveys; return of inquiries; surveys licenced; surveys ratified
    
  • Tenants
    
  • Trusts
    
  
  

• RELIGIONS AND ADHERENTS
  • Catholics
    
  • Christianity -- Definition: Christianity, incl Catholicism, Protestantism, Protestant Non conformity. Add Religions, named, A-Z, incl Judaism, etc
    
  • Converts
    
  • Jews
    
  • Martyrs
    
  • Saints
    
  
  

• RELIGIOUS HOUSES
  • Abbeys
    
  • Alien Priories -- Definition: see also Aliens
    
  • Convents
    
  • Monasteries
    
  • Nunneries
    
  • Priories
    
  • Religious Houses -- Definition: Religious houses, general (Abbeys, Priories, Friaries, Commanderies, Preceptories, Nunneries), incl archbishop's relationship with; dispersal of; laity accommodated in; recruitment to; relocation of; supervision of. To be dealt with under places/institutions, with list of houses, by type, A-Z; see also Poverty; see also under place-names; use Buildings and structures for fabric; Property and tenure for lands, etc., see also Religious Orders
    
  • Religious Houses, Female
    
  • Religous Houses, Male
    
  • Suppression
    
  
  

• RELIGIOUS ORDERS
  • Augustinians -- Definition: Orders, religious, named, A-Z
    
  • Austin Friars
    
  • Benedictines
    
  • Carmelite Friars
    
  • Carmelites
    
  • Carthusians
    
  • Dominicans
    
  • Franciscans -- Definition: incl privileges of
    
  • Friars
    
  • Gilbertines
    
  • Knights Hospitaller
    
  • Knights Templar
    
  • Religious orders
    
  • Rules
    
  
  

• RELIGIOUS, FEMALE
  • Abbesses
    
  • Anchorites
    
  • Nuns
    
  • Prioresses
    
  • Sisters (religious)
    
  
  

• RELIGIOUS, MALE
  • Abbots
    
  • Canons (Religious)
    
  • Hermits
    
  • Monks
    
  • Priors
    
  • Priors provincial
    
  
  

• RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES
  • Common rights
    
  • Manorial rights
    
  • Privileges -- Definition: Privileges, of individuals or groups, A-Z, incl of archbishop, of Hospitallers
    
  • Rights
    
  • Wardship and Marriage
    
  
  

• ROYALTY, NOBILITY AND GENTRY
  • Gentry
    
  • Kings
    
  • Knights
    
  • Queens
    
  
  

• SACRAMENTS AND CEREMONIES
  • Baptism
    
  • Chastity -- Definition: incl ceremonies of
    
  • Chrism
    
  • Communion
    
  • Confessions -- Definition: For eg: licence to hear
    
  • Confirmations (Sacrament) -- Definition: ie Full reception into the church after baptism
    
  • Consecrations
    
  • Coronations -- Definition: For eg: attendance at; attendance at excused; order of service; precedents
    
  • Dedications
    
  • Enclosures (Religious) -- Definition: For eg: of anchoresses; of anchorites
    
  • Funerals
    
  • Kneeling
    
  • Processions
    
  • Reconciliations -- Definition: See also Churches, chantries and chapels, for churchyards, desecrations and reconciliations
    
  • Rites
    
  • Sacraments
    
  • Vows -- Definition: Profession of; see also Benefice and office holding, Professions
    
  
  

• SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
  • Mathematical Instruments
    
  
  

• SINS AND FORGIVENESS
  • Absolution -- Definition: Absolution for specific reasons, eg violence; also administration of, eg: licence to grant; mis administration of
    
  • Adultery
    
  • Allegations
    
  • Apostasy
    
  • Bastardy
    
  • Censures
    
  • Conspiracy
    
  • Contumacy
    
  • Correction
    
  • Desecration
    
  • Disobedience
    
  • Dispensations -- Definition: For specific reasons, eg: absence; absence 'cum ex eo'; bastardy; canonical hours; non residence; not to obtain orders higher than sub deacon; study 'cum ex eo'. See also Benefice and Office holders, Absence, Non-residence; Clergy, ordinations; Courts, Ecclesiastical, Matrimony
    
  • Excommunication -- Definition: Letters of signification of
    
  • Heresy
    
  • Indulgences -- Definition: For specific persons or groups or reasons, incl for burial; guild; heretic; pilgrims,
    
  • Obedience
    
  • Penances -- Definition: For eg: expiation for sins, incl sins of the flesh; also licences to perform (on behalf of others)
    
  • Perjury
    
  • Purgations -- Definition: Incl inquiry into purgations; citations for objections to purgations. See also Crime and Punishment, Criminous clerks
    
  • Repentance
    
  • Sexual misconduct
    
  • Shunning
    
  • Sins
    
  
  

• SOCIAL AND OTHER GROUPS
  • Brothers
    
  • Cottagers
    
  • Courtiers
    
  • Daughters
    
  • Feoffees
    
  • Freeholders
    
  • Friends
    
  • Godchildren
    
  • Goddaughters
    
  • Godfathers
    
  • Godmothers
    
  • Godsons
    
  • Householders
    
  • Housekeepers
    
  • Landlords
    
  • Manorial lords
    
  • Mothers
    
  • Neighbours
    
  • Nephews
    
  • Parishioners
    
  • Relatives
    
  • Sisters
    
  • Trustees
    
  
  

• TAXATION
  • Appointments of collectors -- Definition: Use for archbishop's certification of collectors to Exchequer; other documents may include monitions for speedy collection
    
  • Assessments -- Definition: See also Dues and Offerings; Papacy
    
  • Clerical Poll Taxes -- Definition: Give specific subsidy using details from E 179 database
    
  • Clerical Subsidies -- Definition: Lay taxation; give specific subsidy using details from E 179 database
    
  • Clerical Tenths -- Definition: Clerical taxation; give specific grant using details from E 179 database
    
  • Commissions to collect -- Definition: Use for commission from king to archbishop
    
  • Reassessments -- Definition: incl Nova Taxatio
    
  • Subsidies
    
  • Taxation
    
  
  

• TRANSPORT AND TRAVEL
  • Causeways
    
  • Coaches
    
  • Harbours
    
  • Riding equipment
    
  • Roads
    
  • Sea voyages
    
  • Ships
    
  • Streets
    
  • Travel
    
  
  

• VISITATION
  • Archbishops' Visitations -- Definition: Archbishops who had newly been installed had customary rights to visitation within their province. Archbishop’s visitations could sometimes be considered as intruding on a bishop’s authority within their diocese.
    
  • Archdeacons' Visitations -- Definition: Archdeacons undertook visitations to parishes with their archdeaconry and were aided by deans (rural).
    
  • Articles of enquiry
    
  • Citations -- Definition: A citation was the act of summons to an ecclesiastical court, in this context the visitation.
    
  • Comperta and detecta -- Definition: Detecta were the written depositions of those being investigated, such as the monks or nuns of a religious house, which included issues presented to the bishop during the visitation. The comperta was a record of what had been discovered by the bishop as a result of the visitation and were essentially a collated summary of the detecta.
    
  • Dissolutions -- Definition: The dissolution was the formal ending of a visitation which followed the presentation of the injunctions. Formal dissolution was sometimes prolonged if, at the end of the visitation, there remained issues or business to resolve.
    
  • Forewarnings
    
  • Inhibitions -- Definition: An inhibition was the suspension of all subordinate jurisdictions under the authority undertaking the visitation for its duration. – J. S. Purvis, An Introduction to Ecclesiastical Records (London: St Anthony’s Press, 1953), 46. An inhibition also referred to an order by a bishop, or another ordinary, to suspend a clergy in office from undertaking the office because of irregular of scandalous acts. - Borthwick Cause Paper Glossary. https://www.york.ac.uk/borthwick/holdings/guides/research-guides/what-are-causepapers/glossary/.
    
  • Injunctions -- Definition: Injunctions were the list of corrections that were presented to the institution being visited based on the contents of the comperta. These were given first verbally at the end of the visitation proceedings, and later sent as a written document.
    
  • Itineraries
    
  • Monitions -- Definition: A monition is a warning, in this case to observe the injunctions produced from a visitation which was included at the end of the injunctions. The verbal presentation of injunctions was sometimes referred to as monitions.
    
  • Prorogations -- Definition: Prorogation was the act of prolonging the visitation without dissolution. This was practiced if there were outstanding issues or business which needed resolving.
    
  • Relaxations of Inhibitions
    
  • Visitations -- Definition: Visitations were the formal inspection of an ecclesiastical institution or area by either an archdeacon, bishop, or archbishop. The purpose of a visitation was to inspect the monetary and spiritual condition of the institution or area and correct any wrongdoing.
    
  • Visitations during Vacancies
    
  
  

• WARS AND REBELLIONS
  • Array
    
  • Attacks
    
  • Captains
    
  • Crusades
    
  • Defence of the North
    
  • Invasions
    
  • Musters -- Definition: Incl musters ordered; return of musters
    
  • Peace
    
  • Rebellions
    
  • Soldiers
    
  • Truces
    
  • Wars -- Definition: Wars, with specific countries/peoples, A-Z
    
  
  

• WEAPONS AND ARMOUR
  • Armour
    
  • Bows and arrows
    
  • Daggers
    
  • Guns
    
  • Harness
    
  • Swords
    
  • Weapons
    
  
  

• WOMEN -- Definition:
  • Widows
    
  • Wives
    
  • Women